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Morris Engel (April 8, 1918 – 5 March, 2005) was an influential American photographer, cinematographer and filmmaker best known for directing the 1953 film ''Little Fugitive'' in collaboration with his wife, photographer Ruth Orkin, and their friend, writer Raymond Abrashkin. Engel completed two more features during the 1950s, ''Lovers and Lollipops'' (1956) and ''Weddings and Babies'' (1960). Engel was a pioneer in the use of hand-held cameras and nonprofessional actors in his films, using cameras that he helped design, and his naturalistic films influenced future prominent independent and French New Wave filmmakers.〔 ==Career== A lifelong New Yorker, Morris Engel was born in Brooklyn in 1918. After joining the Photo League in 1936, Engel had his first exhibition in 1939, at the New School for Social Research.〔(Film Buff Online: In Remembrance – Morris Engel )〕 He worked briefly as a photographer for the Leftist newspaper ''PM''〔 before joining the United States Navy as a combat photographer from 1941 to 1946 in World War II.〔 After the war, he returned to New York where he again was an active Photo League member, teaching workshop classes and serving as co-chair of a project group focusing on postwar labor issues.〔(Morris Engel bio on The Jewish Museum )〕 In 1953, Engel, along with his girlfriend, fellow photographer Ruth Orkin, and his former colleague at ''PM'', Raymond Abrashkin, made ''Little Fugitive'' for $30,000, shooting the film on location with hand-held 35mm camera. The film, one of the first successful American "independent films" earned them an Academy Award nomination for Best Writing, Motion Picture Story and a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival. The film told the story of a seven-year-old boy, played by Richie Andrusco, who runs away from home and spends the day at Coney Island. Andrusco never appeared in another film, and the other performers were mainly nonprofessionals. Though the film was a critical success,〔(Morris Engel and Ruth Orkin ) at Bright Lights Film Journal〕 Engel and Orkin, who had since married, had a hard time finding funding 〔 for their next film, ''Lovers and Lollipops'', which was completed in 1955. The film was about a widowed mother dating an old friend, and how her young daughter complicates their budding relationship. Like ''Little Fugitive'', ''Lovers and Lollipops'' was filmed with a hand-held 35 millimeter camera that did not allow simultaneous sound recording. The sound of both films was dubbed later. ''Lovers and Lollipops'' was followed two years later by the more adult-centered ''Weddings and Babies'', a film about an aspiring photographer than is often seen as autobiographical. This was Engel's only film to have live sound recorded at the time of filming. ''Weddings and Babies'' was the first 35 mm fiction film made with a portable camera equipped for synchronized sound. In the 1960s, Engel directed a variety of television commercials.〔(Morris Engel Bio from Engelphoto.com )〕 He made a fourth film in the late 1960s〔 called ''I Need a Ride to California'' (83 minutes), which followed a group of hippies in Greenwich Village, but it was never released.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Morris Engel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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